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Guru Hargobind
Guru Har Gobind, ((:ɡʊru həɾɡobɪnd sɑhɪb)) also Saccha Padshah ("True Emperor") (5 July 1595 – 19 March 1644 〔(Guru Har Gobind Ji, the true emperor )〕). According to another tradition, he was born on 5 July 1595. He was the sixth of the Sikh gurus and became Guru on 25 May 1606 following in the footsteps of his father Guru Arjan Dev. He was eleven years old, when he became the Guru, after his father's execution by the Mughal emperor Jahangir.〔HS Syan (2013), Sikh Militancy in the Seventeenth Century, IB Tauris, ISBN 978-1780762500, pages 48-55〕 He is remembered for initiating a military tradition within Sikhism to resist Islamic persecution and protect the freedom of religion.〔〔 He had the longest tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days.
==Early years==
Guru Hargobind was born in village Wadali in 1595.〔HS Singha (2009), Sikh Studies, Book 7, Hemkunt Press, ISBN 978-8170102458, pages 18-19〕 His father, Guru Arjan, was the fifth Guru of Sikh faith, had been arrested, tortured and killed under the orders of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir.〔Pashaura Singh (2005), (Understanding the Martyrdom of Guru Arjan ), Journal of Philosophical Society, 12(1), pp. 29-62〕〔Louis E. Fenech, Martyrdom in the Sikh Tradition, Oxford University Press, pages 118-121〕 Upon the death of his father, Hargobind undertook the role of Guru, at age eleven.〔〔 His father had advised him to start a military tradition to protect the Sikh people.〔 At the time of his ascension, he put on two swords: one indicated his spiritual authority (''piri'') and the other, his temporal authority (''miri'').〔 He thus founded the military tradition in Sikh faith.〔〔 Guru Hargobind married thrice, and his wives were Damodiri, Nanaki and Mahadevi.〔Fenech and McLeod (2014), Historical Dictionary of Sikhism, 3rd Edition, Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 978-1442236004, page 145〕
Guru Hargobind excelled in matters of state, and his Darbar (court) was noted for its splendour. The arming and training of some of his devoted followers began, the Guru came to possess seven hundred horses, and his Risaldari (army) grew to three hundred horsemen and sixty gunners in the due course of time. Additionally, five hundred men from the Majha area of the Punjab were recruited as infantry. Guru Hargobind built a fortress at Amritsar called Lohgarh "Fortress of steel". He had his own flag and war-drum which was beaten twice a day.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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